Bhotto 诉 加拿大公民暨移民部长

　　法官：Sharlow J.

　　判决日期：1999年9月9日

　　案号：IMM-30-5448-98

　　本案申请人Iqbal Ahmed Bhutto以工程师身份申请加拿大技术移民。他的教育培训背景满足加拿大开放职业清单(NOC第2132类别)对机械工程师要求，这一点是无可争议的。

　　The applicant Iqbal Ahmed Bhutto applied for permanent residence in Canada as a mechanical engineer. It is undisputed that he has the required training and education to be a mechanical engineer, according to the national occupation classification (NOC category 2132)。

　　Bhutto先生自1980年以来一直在巴基斯坦担任工程师职务。但面谈后签证官没有给他的工作经验打分。如果签证官认可他有一年相关工作经历，那么他的得分将达到移民的要求。

　　Mr. Bhutto has been working as an engineer in Pakistan since 1980 However, a visa officer decided after an interview with Mr. Bhutto not to award him any points for experience as an engineer. If the visa officer had recognized only one years' relevant experience, Mr. Bhutto would have achieved enough points to qualify for permanent residence。

　　NOC对机械工程师的概括性描述为：

　　The general description of a mechanical engineer, according to NOC, is as foolows：

　　机械工程师研究、设计和开发用于供热、换气、空气调节、发电、运输、加工和制造和机器设备和系统，还承担有关机械系统的评估、安装操作及维护方面的职责。机械工程师受雇于咨询公司、电力单位以及制造、加工和运输行业的广泛领域，或者他们也可以自雇的形式独立经营。

　　Mechanical Engineers research, design and develop machinery and systems for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning, power generation transportation, processing and manufacturing, They also perform duties related to the evaluation, installation, operation and maintenance of mechanical systems. Mechanical Engineers are employed by consulting firms, power generation utilities, and in a wide range of manufacturing, processing and transportation industries, or they may be self-employed。

　　签证官有责任依照NOC上对机械工程师职责的描述来考察Bhutto先生的工作经历。以下是NOC对机械工程师职责的描述：

　　The visa officer was required to assess Mr. Bhutto experience against the description of the main duties of a mechanical engineer as set out in the NOC description, which reads as follows：

　　机械工程师履笔以下全部或部分职责：

　　·对机械装置、机械部件和系统进行可行性、设计、操作和性能方面的研究。

　　·为机械设备和系统确定材料、估算成本和时间安排，并提供和设计规格。

　　·设计发电装置、机器、部件、工具、固定装置及设备。

　　·在建筑工地或工厂监督、检查机械系统的安装、改造和试运行。

　　·为机械维护人员制定维护标准、进度和计划，并在实施中予以指导。

　　·对机械故障或突发性维护的问题进行调查研究。

　　·为工业建筑或维护项目准备合同文件，并对投标者进行评估。

　　·监督指导技师、技术人员及其他工程师，并对设计、计算以及成本预算进行核查和批准。

　　Mechanical Engineers perform some of all of the following duties:

　　·Conduct research into the feasibility, design, operation and performance of mechanisms, components and systems

　　·Prepare material, cost and timing estimates, reports and design specifications for machinery and systems

　　·Design power plants, machines, components, tools, fixtures and equipment

　　·Supervise and inspect the installation, modification and commissioning of

　　mechanical systems at construction sites or in industrial facilities

　　·Develop maintenance standards, schedules and programs and provide guidance to industrial maintenance crews

　　·Investigate mechanical failures or unexpected maintenance problems

　　·Prepare contract documents and evaluate tenders for industrial construction or maintenance

　　·Supervise technicians, technologists and other engineers and review and approve designs, calculations and cost estimates

　　可以看出，Bhutto先生多年从事的工作与机械工程师职责中列出的机械安装、维护以及监督指导其他人员等方面不乏相同之处。

　　A review of the record discloses some similarities between the duties Mr. Bhutto has been performing for years and the listed duties of a mechanical engineer relating to the installation and maintenance of machines, and the supervision of others.

　　签证官否定性的决定，导致他对NOC上所适用的职业类别的错误理解，其所犯的错误实质上与Paracha诉加拿大公民及移民部长(1999年8月18日)案号：(IMM-5446-98)一案中签证官的错误相同。在该案中，法官pelletier在判决申请人胜诉的陈叙中说："全部或某些"的意思是土木工程师应履行所列出的这些具体职责中的一项以上，有些土木工程师可能承担全部职责。并不象本案签证官所理解的那样，要求所有土木工程师都要履行列出的全部职责。

　　The visa officer's negative decision turns on an error in his interpretation of the applicable NOC category. He made substantially the same error as in Paracha v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship &Immigration) (August 18, 1999), Doc. IMM-5446-98. In that case, Pelletier J. Said, in allowing the application for judicial review:

　　The use of the words "all or some" means that civil engineers will perform more than one of the specified tasks and some may perform them all. They do not mean that all civil engineers perform all of the tasks, which is the construction which the visa officer appear to have placed upon those words.

　　同样，根据NOC对于机械工程师的描述，申请人须证明他履行所列出的"全部或某些"职责。

　　Similarly, the NOC description for mechanical engineers requires an applicant to show that he has performed "some or all" of the listed duties.

　　在本案中，签证官不认同申请人有任何机械工程师的经验，因为申请人的经验中没有涉及研究、设计、成本及时间的预估以及合同和投标评估等方面。签证官认为这些方面的经验是机械工程师所必备的。但是在NOC职业分类描述中没有任何词句能够证明签证官的理解是对的。

　　In this case the visa officer did not recognize any of Mr. Bhutto experience in mechanical engineering because in did not involve research, design, cost and time estimates, contracts or tenders. The officer thought that experience in those aspects of mechanical engineering was compulsory. However, there is nothing in the language of the NOC category for mechanical engineers that justifies the officer's interpretation.

　　申请人的申请胜诉，本案签证官的决定予以推翻。Bhutto先生的移民申请将由另一位签证官重新审理。

　　The application for judicial review is allowed and the decision of the visa officer is set aside. Mr.Bhutto's application for permanent residence is referred back for reconsideration by a different visa officer.

　　结果：申请人的申请胜诉。

　　Application granted.