WTOÕù¶Ë½â¾ö»úÖƵÄÏÔÖø½ø²½
¡¡¡¡¾¹ý½üÒ»ÄêÀ´ÀÛ¼ÆǧÓàСʱµÄDZÐÄÑÐÏ°¼°·´¸´Ð޸ģ¬×÷ÕßÓÚ½üÈÕÖÕÓÚÍê³ÉÁËThe WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism: an Analysis of the DSU in PositivismÒ»ÊéµÄ³õ¸å´´×÷¡£
¡¡¡¡±¾Êé¶Ô½ØÖ¹2002ÄêÎåÔµ×WTOÕù¶Ë½â¾ö»ú¹¹(DSB)Ëùͨ¹ýµÄר¼Ò×é»òÉÏËß»ú¹¹±¨¸æ½øÐÐÁËϵͳÐԵľ«ÐıàÑ¡,²¢¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐÖ÷Ìâ½øÐÐÁË·ÖÀà·ÖÎö£ºÀûÒæµÄɥʧ»òËðº¦(Art.XXIII:1£¬GATT;Art.3.8, 26£¬DSU);ר¼Ò×é³ÌÐòµÄÆô¶¯(Art.6, 7, 10, 21.5, DSU);ר¼Ò×éµÄÖ°Ôð(Art.3.2, 11, DSU; Art.31, 32, Vienna Convention);·´ÇãÏúÕù¶ËµÄÌØÊâ¹æÔò(Art.17.4-17.6, AD)µÈ¡£ÊéÖÐÖ÷Òª¶Ôר¼Ò×é»òÉÏËß»ú¹¹±¨¸æÖÐËùÉæ¼°µÄ“»ù´¡ÎÊÌâ”(preliminary issues)»ò“³ÌÐòÐÔÒìÒé”(procedural objections)½øÐÐÁ˲ûÊö£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔDSUËäûÓÐÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨µ«È´ÖÁ¹ØÖØÒª²¢ÇÒÔÚWTO¾ßÌå°¸ÀýÖб»Æµ·±Éæ¼°µÄÖ¤¾Ý¹æÔò£¬±¾ÊéÒ²½øÐÐÁËÏêϸ·ÖÎö¡£¾¡¹ÜÈç´Ë£¬±¾Êé²¢²»ÊÔͼÇһÇУ¬¶øÖ»Éæ¼°ÄÇЩ²úÉúÓÚWTOÕù¶Ë½â¾ö³ÌÐò¶ø×÷ÕßÈÏΪµÃ¸üÖµµÃÄ¿Ç°¹Ø×¢µÄһЩÎÊÌâ¡£
¡¡¡¡¶øÇÒ£¬±¾ÊéÖ÷Òª×ÅÑÛÓÚʵ֤·ÖÎö¶ø·ÇÀíÂÛ²ûÊÍ¡£Òò¶ø£¬×÷ÕߵķÖÎöÖ÷Òª»ùÓÚר¼Ò×é»òÉÏËß»ú¹¹ÔÚÆ䱨¸æÖÐËù×÷³öµÄ¾«Á¶¶øÂß¼çÇÃܵķÖÎö¡£ÐèÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâЩ±¨¸æ²¢²»¹¹³ÉÓоÐÊøÁ¦µÄËùνÏÈÀýÅоö£¬Òò¶øר¼Ò×é»òÉÏËß»ú¹¹²¢²»ÊÜÏÈÇ°±¨¸æµÄ·¨ÂɾÐÊø¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬DSBµÄʵ¼ùÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ä³Ò»Ìض¨°¸¼þÖеÄÏà¹Ø²Ã¾öƵ·±µØ±»ºóÀ´µÄר¼Ò×é»ò±»ÉÏËß»ú¹¹ÔÚºóÀ´µÄ°¸¼þÖÐËùÒýÓûò²ÉÄÉ¡£ÕýÈçÉÏËß»ú¹¹ÔÚJapan-Alcoholic Beverages (DS44)¡¼1¡½Ò»°¸ÖÐËùÖ¸³öµÄ£¬“ÒѾͨ¹ýµÄר¼Ò×鱨¸æÊÇGATT ¹æÔò(acquis)µÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö¡£
¡¡¡¡ËüÃdz£³£±»ºóÀ´µÄר¼Ò×éËù¿¼ÂÇ¡£ËüÃÇÔÚWTO³ÉÔ±¼ä´´ÉèÁ˺Ϸ¨Ô¤ÆÚ(legitimate expectations)£¬Òò´ËÓ¦¸ÃÔÚÆäÓëijһÕù¶ËÏà¹Øʱ±»¿¼ÂÇ”¡£´ËÍ⣬¼´Ê¹ÊÇûÓб»Í¨¹ýµÄר¼Ò×鱨¸æ£¬ºóÀ´µÄר¼Ò×éÒ²¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÖÐÑ°ÇóÓÐÓõÄÖ¸Òý£¬Ö»ÒªÆäÈÏΪÏà¹Ø¡£¸üΪÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬ÕýÈçÉÏËß»ú¹¹ÔÚ1996Äê2ÔÂÏòDSBͨ±¨ÆäÉÏËßÉó¹¤×÷³ÌÐòµÄÐÅÖÐËùÊö£¬“ÔÚÎÒÃÇ×÷³ö²Ã¾öʱ±£³ÖÒ»ÖÂÐÔºÍÁ¬¹áÐÔÒ²ÊÇÖØÒªµÄ£¬ÕâÓÐÀûÓÚWTOµÄÿ¸ö³ÉÔ±ÒÔ¼°ÎÒÃÇËù¹²ÏíµÄ¶à±ßóÒ×ÌåÖÆÕûÌ唡£ÀàËÆÓÚGATTµÄʵ¼ÊÑݱä¹ý³Ì£¬DSUÖÐËùûÄÜÃ÷È·¹æ·¶µÄ´óÁ¿ÎÊÌâµÄ½øÒ»²½³ÎÇåÒÔ¼°WTOÕù¶Ë½â¾ö»úÖƵIJ»¶Ï·¢Õ¹£¬Ò²Ö»ÓÐͨ¹ýÔÚ¾ßÌåµÄÕù¶Ë½â¾ö°¸ÀýÖнøÐвâÊÔ²¢²»¶Ï³ÎÇåºÍÍêÉÆ£¬²ÅÄÜÖð½¥È¡µÃ½øÕ¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¿¼Âǵ½ÉÏÃæÕâЩÒòËØ£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ×¢Òâµ½ÃÜÇйØ×¢²¢Éî¿ÌÀí½âר¼Ò×é»òÉÏËß»ú¹¹ÔÚ¾ßÌå°¸ÀýÖеÄÏà¹ØÁ¢³¡£¬¶ÔÓÚWTO³ÉÔ±ÊǾßÓзdz£ÖØ´ó֮ʵ¼Ê¼ÛÖµµÄ£¬×÷Õ߶ÔWTOÕù¶Ë½â¾ö°¸Àý½øÐÐÁËÉîÈëµÄ̽ÌֺͷÖÎö£¬Ï£ÍûÄÜΪÎÒ¹ú×÷ΪгÉÔ±ÓÐЧÀûÓÃWTOÕù¶Ë½â¾ö»úÖƾ¡Î¢±¡Ö®Á¦¡£
¡¡¡¡Îª¼°Ê±Çó½ÌÓÚÓйØר¼ÒѧÕß²¢¹²ÉÌÓÚÖîλÍøÓÑ£¬¶ÔThe WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism: an Analysis of the DSU in PositivismÒ»ÊéԸ壬×÷Õß¾¹ý´ó¸±É¾¼õ¶ø½ÚÑ¡Æ侫Ҫºó£¬Äâ¶ÔÆä½øÐÐÊʵ±±àÐÞ²¢¼ÓÒÔÈÏÕæÒëУ£¬¼°Ê±ÒÔϵÁÐÂÛÎĵÄÐÎʽÏòÖîλÍøÓÑÍƳö¡£×÷Õ߼ƻ®ÓÚ 2002Äê7Ô·ݷÖ5Åú´Î½ÐøÍƳö¸ÃϵÁÐÂÛÎÄ¡£ÔÚ´Ë£¬½ÚÑ¡¸ÃÊé¸åµÚÒ»ÕÂ(Introduction)×÷Ϊ¸ÃϵÁÐÂÛÎĵĿªÆª¡£
- ÌرðÍƼö: